The Science Behind Colossal’s Dire Wolf Return: A Genetic Breakthrough

Time Magazine explores how Colossal used ancient DNA and gene editing to de-extinct the dire wolf.

BY Jeffrey Kluger

In this Time feature, Colossal Biosciences reveals the birth of three pups—Romulus, Remus, and Khaleesi—created using gene edits designed to express traits found in the extinct dire wolf. Scientists introduced 20 targeted edits across 14 genes to influence physical and behavioral characteristics informed by ancient DNA. The article outlines how this breakthrough fits into Colossal’s broader goal of “functional de-extinction,” where key traits are revived in a new canid lineage. While the achievement represents a major scientific milestone, it has sparked debate in the conservation community. Experts question how the animals should be classified and whether such efforts align with conservation ethics.

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