How did Colossal Biosciences bring back the dire wolf, and what science was used?

Colossal brought back the dire wolf through a process known as de-extinction. Scientists reconstructed its genome from ancient DNA by sequencing a 13,000-year-old tooth and a 72,000-year-old skull. They then made 20 precise edits across 14 genes in gray wolf cells to express key dire wolf traits, including a larger build and lighter coat. Using cloning techniques, scientists created edited embryos and transferred them into surrogate dog mothers. The resulting pups are being raised in a protected, carefully monitored environment. Romulus and Remus were born on Oct. 1, 2024, followed by Khaleesi on Jan. 30, 2025.